Perceptions des Mères et Traitement Traditionnel de la Fièvre chez leurs Enfants Fébriles
2021
RESUME Introduction. La fievre est un symptome frequent en consultation pediatrique. Bien qu’etant une source d’inquietude familiale, le choix du type de soins est influence par les cultures et les perceptions societales. D’apres certaines cultures, les soins conventionnels ne representeraient pas un traitement d’appoint, mais un complement aux pratiques traditionnelles. Methodes. Une etude qualitative a porte sur les perceptions de la fievre par un echantillon non probabiliste de 15 meres d’enfants hospitalises a Yaounde. Nous avons decrit les connaissances des meres sur la fievre, leurs pratiques et les raisons des therapeutiques traditionnelles chez les enfants fievreux. Leur recit etait enregistre et le contenu analyse fidelement. Les lesions therapeutiques cutanees etaient egalement repertoriees. Resultats. Nous avons note une insuffisance de connaissances des meres sur la fievre. Certains actes traditionnels infliges aux enfants constituaient de veritables sevices. Ils consistaient a les faire ingurgiter des infusions ou a les scarifier dans l’intention de «soigner la rate», tenue pour responsable des problemes de sante de l’enfant. Bien que la plupart des meres soient conscientes des consequences nefastes de leurs pratiques, elles ne recouraient aux services de sante qu’apres l’echec ou l’aggravation de la maladie. Au nombre des raisons justifiant ces pratiques figuraient le cout eleve des soins modernes, l’influence de l’entourage et leurs croyances. Conclusion. Les auteurs pensent qu’il est urgent de renforcer la sensibilisation des meres sur les causes de la fievre, les consequences nefastes des soins traditionnels et l’importance du recours precoce aux soins dans les services de sante. ABSTRACT Introduction. Fever is a common symptom in pediatric consultation. Despite being a source of concern to the family, the type of care given depends on the cultural and the social perceptions. According to some cultures, conventional methods of care are not as a definitive treatment, but an additive to traditional methods. Method. A qualitative study was carried out on the perceptions towards fever of a non-probabilistic sample of 15 mothers of hospitalized children in Yaounde. We described their knowledge, practice and reason of traditional methods of care used to treat their febrile children. Cutaneous lesions due to those practices were also recorded. Results. We found that mothers had lack of knowledge on fever. Some of the traditional practices performed could be categorized as child abuse. It mainly consisted in forceful ingestion of infusions or scarification with the intend to cure “the spleen », which is hold responsible for health issues in children. Despite being aware of the dreadful consequences of their actions, mothers seek medical care only when their practices fails or when the disease worsen. Among the justifications for their actions was the cost of the formal care, influence of the relatives and their beliefs. Conclusion. Authors believe that, it is urgent to reinforce sensitization of mothers on the various causes of fever, the harmful consequences of traditional methods on the children and the importance of the early formal care seeking.
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