Linear gyrokinetic simulations of zonal flows in toroidal rotating plasmas

The linear properties of zonal flows in toroidal rotating plasmas are investigated by using the gyrokinetic code NLT. To study the effects of toroidal rotation on zonal flows, the NLT code is upgraded to include the toroidal equilibrium flow. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analyses. Besides, it is found that a sideband mode, the cos θ component of the geodesic acoustic mode, can be enhanced by toroidal rotation.The linear properties of zonal flows in toroidal rotating plasmas are investigated by using the gyrokinetic code NLT. To study the effects of toroidal rotation on zonal flows, the NLT code is upgraded to include the toroidal equilibrium flow. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analyses. Besides, it is found that a sideband mode, the cos θ component of the geodesic acoustic mode, can be enhanced by toroidal rotation.