Inserção urbana de habitação urbana de habitação de interesse social: Um olhar sobre mobilidade cotidiana e uso do solo

Social housing large-scale production through Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (MCMV) is impacting the form of the urban space in Brazilian cities as well as bringing important consequences on life conditions of its beneficiaries. This paper aims to assess into which extent MCMV developments for the lowest income bracket implemented before the launch of the program's phase 3 have impacted beneficiaries' quality of life, focusing on urban insertion characteristics such as urban mobility, land use and access to jobs' opportunities. For this purpose, extensive fieldwork and survey were conducted to understand residents' perception of costs and benefits of the housing location in five MCMV developments in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Uberlândia. Furthermore, urban insertion of each development was assessed considering proximity to formal jobs' opportunities, access to transit, public equipment, commerce and services as well as urban design and integration. Although the majority of the residents surveyed declared that they prefer to live in the new housing developments, the research demonstrated differences in transport conditions and costs according to their locations. In most analyzed cases, the move to new locations contributed to increase residents' transport costs. It also influenced modal distribution towards a reduction of the use of active transportation modes (walking and biking) and increase of the use of motorized modes, reinforcing potential environmental negative impacts as well as increase of crash and collision risks. On the other hand, the evolution of travel time varied significantly according to the location, with important increase of time spent by residents located in most peripheral neighborhoods. Urban insertion assessment demonstrated that none of the analyzed developments presented fully acceptable conditions of urban integration and access to opportunities of urban life. Finally, formal jobs' accessibility analysis showed significant difference of employment opportunities availability according to the developments' locations. These results contributed to identify important shortcomings in urban insertion of MCMV developments arising against beneficiaries' quality of life and access to urban opportunities. Beyond its specifics results, this research contributed to elaborate an effective method to assess new social housing and uncover areas for improvement to the overall program.