Using Covers to Minimize Odor and Gas Emissions from Manure Storages

Most livestock and poultry odors are generated by the anaerobic decomposition of livestock wastes such as manure (feces and urine), spilled feed, bedding materials, and wash water. Increased organic loading rates due to expanding animal numbers, slug loading, concentrated waste streams, and/or inadequate amounts of dilution water increase the potential for odor emissions from waste management systems. Odor emissions from manure storages tend to occur when the liquid surface is disturbed during windy conditions or during agitation and pumping prior to land application. Spring turnover, a phenomenon seen in colder climates, also increases odor emissions from manure storages.