A framework for modeling and simulating energy harvesting WSN nodes with efficient power management policies

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require an extremely energy-efficient design. As sensor nodes have limited power sources, the problem of autonomy is crucial. Energy harvesting provides a potential solution to this problem. However, as current energy harvesters produce only a small amount of energy and their storage capacity is limited, efficient power management techniques must also be considered. In this article we address the problem of modeling and simulating energy harvesting WSN nodes with efficient power management policies. We propose furthermore a framework that permits to describe and simulate an energy harvesting sensor node by using a high level modeling approach based on power consumption and energy harvesting. The node architectural parameters as well as the on-line power management techniques will also be specified. Two new power management architectures will be introduced, taking into account energy-neutral and negative-energy conditions. Simulations results show that the throughput of a sensor node can be improved up to 50% when compared to a state of the art power management algorithm for solar harvesting WSN. The simulation framework is then used to find an efficient system sizing for a solar energy harvesting WSN node.