Low-temperature, solution-processed MoO(x) for efficient and stable organic solar cells.

Sol–gel processed MoOx (sMoOx) hole-extraction layers for organic solar cells are reported. A Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)molybdenum(VI)dioxide/isopropanol solution is used and only a moderate thermal post deposition treatment at 150 °C in N2 ambient is required to achieve sMoOx layers with a high work-function of 5.3 eV. We demonstrate that in P3HT:PC60BM organic solar cells (OSCs) our sMoOx layers lead to a high filling factor of about 65% and an efficiency of 3.3% comparable to that of reference devices with thermally evaporated MoO3 layers (eMoO3). At the same time, a substantially improved stability of the OSCs compared to devices using a PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer is evidenced.