Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Juss. Essential Oil

Abstract: The essential oil of Haplophyllum tuberculatumwas prepared by hydrodistillation of the fresh flowering aerial parts of the plant collected from Saudi Arabia. The oil was subsequently analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirty seven compounds, accounting for 96.4 % of the oil composition were identified. The major components were trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (19.2 %), cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (13.2 %), myrcene (10.1 %), δ-3- carene (8.8 %), β-phellandrene (6.9 %), limonene (6.6 %) and cis-piperitol (6.4 %). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was determined using the broth microdilution method against various human pathogens, where a relatively low inhibitory range was observed (MIC 1 mg/mL). Furthermore, the oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the strawberry anthracnose-causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides using the direct overlay bioautography assay. The essential oil showed no antifungal activity at 80 and 160 µg/spot concentra...