The Importance of Domestic Commitment

The outcomes of reforms in different postcommunist countries have varied greatly depending on the commitment to reform. The population of a reforming country needs to identify itself as a nation, and the strength of civil society and the intelligentsia matter. Poland, Hungary, and the Baltic nations stand out as having developed strong civil societies years before their democratic breakthroughs. A transition starts with a democratic breakthrough, preferably through a peaceful mass mobilization. The reformers need to act fast before the old elite counterattacks. The strength and honesty of the political leader are vital. The leader needs to appoint and support a strong reform team. Timely international support is crucial to get the reforms on the right track. Early founding elections are also important.