Efficient mutation screening for cervical cancers from circulating tumor DNA in blood

Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are necessary for an efficient management of cervical cancers (CC). Liquid biopsy, such as detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood, is a simple, non-invasive method for testing and monitoring cancer markers. However, tumor-specific alterations in ctDNA have not been extensively investigated or compared to other circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of the CC. Therfore, Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis with blood samples can be a new approach for highly accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the CC. Using a bioinformatics approach, we designed a panel of 24 genes associated with CC to detect and characterize patterns of somatic single-nucleotide variations, indels, and copy number variations. Our NGS CC panel covers most of the genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as additional cancer driver and tumor suppressor genes. We profiled the variants in ctDNA from 24 CC patients who were being treated with systemic chemotherapy and local radiotherapy at the Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Korea. Eighteen out of 24 genes in our NGS CC panel had mutations across the 24 CC patients, including somatic alterations of mutated genes (ZFHX3–83%, KMT2C-79%, KMT2D-79%, NSD1–67%, ATM-38% and RNF213–27%). We demonstrated that the RNF213 mutation could be used potentially used as a monitoring marker for response to chemo- and radiotherapy. We developed our NGS CC panel and demostrated that our NGS panel can be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of the CC, since the panel detected the common somatic variations in CC patients and we observed how these genetic variations change according to the treatment pattern of the patient.