Synthesis and crystallization pathway of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 thin film obtained by a modified sol–gel route

Abstract As a lead-free candidate for electronic application, Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) thin films were produced by a 2-methoxyethanol sol–gel route and CSD method. Thermal decomposition and crystallization pathway of the alkoxide-based precursor have been studied by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. No transitory nanocrystalline phase was detected during the crystallization process of NBT. As a consequence, the nucleation of the stable perovskite phase occurred at low temperature (