Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the jaw: report of five cases

Summary Five cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcomas (AFS) are reported. The tumour was characterized histologically by a biphasic pattern: the malignant mesenchymal component had the features of an intermediate grade fibrosarcoma in 3 cases, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteogenic sarcoma in 2 cases. The epithelial odontogenic component had a benign appearance cytologically. In 1 patient, in the recurrence only the malignant mesenchymal component was present. AFS is a fully malignant tumour, in fact 1 patient died of the tumour after inadequate surgical treatments, and 2 patients had a recurrence after intralesional surgery. The treatment of choice was achieved when surgery with wide surgical margins was performed. As MFH and OGS features are present in the malignant mesenchymal component of this tumour we prefer to use the broad term ameloblastic sarcoma instead of AFS.