The functional expression of human bone-derived cells grown on rapidly resorbable calcium phosphate ceramics

Abstract The use of biodegradable bone substitutes is advantageous for alveolar ridge augmentation, since it avoids second-site surgery for autograft harvesting. This study examines the effect of novel, rapidly resorbable calcium phosphates on the expression of bone-related genes and proteins by human bone-derived cells (HBDC) and compares this behavior to that of tricalciumphosphate (TCP). Test materials were α -TCP, and four materials which were created from β -Rhenanite and its derivatives: R1- β -Rhenanite (CaNaPO 4 ); R1/M2 composed of CaNaPO 4 and MgNaPO 4 ; R1+SiO 2 composed of CaNaPO 4 and 9% SiO 2 (wt%); and R17-Ca 2 KNa(PO 4 ) 2 . HBDC were grown on the substrata for 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days, counted and probed for various mRNAs and proteins (Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein). All substrata supported continuous cellular growth for 21 days. At day 21, surfaces of R1+SiO 2 and R17 had the highest number of HBDC. At 14 and 21 days, cells on R1 and on R1+SiO 2 displayed significantly enhanced expression of all osteogenic proteins. Since all novel calcium phosphates supported cellular proliferation together with expression of bone-related proteins at least as much as TCP, these ceramics can be regarded as potential bone substitutes. R1 and R1+SiO 2 had the most effect on osteoblastic differentiation, thus suggesting that these materials may possess a higher potency to enhance osteogenesis than TCP.