Alterations in male infant behaviors towards its mother by prenatal exposure to bisphenol A in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during early suckling period

Summary Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental chemical with physiological potencies that cause adverse effects, even at environmentally relevant exposures, on the basis of a number of studies in experimental rodents. Thus, there is an increasing concern about environmental exposure of humans to BPA. In the present study, we used experimentally controlled cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) to assess the influence of prenatal exposure to BPA (10 μg/(kg day)) via subcutaneously implanted pumps and examined social behaviors between infants and their mothers during the suckling period. Mother–infant interactions in cynomolgus monkeys had behavioral sexual dimorphism associated with sex of infant from early suckling period. Prenatal exposure to BPA altered the behaviors of male infants significantly; BPA-exposed male infants behaved as female infants. And it also affected some of female infant behaviors. Consequently, gestational BPA exposure altered some behaviors of their mothers, mainly in male-nursing mothers. These results suggest that BPA exposure affects behavioral sexual differentiation in male monkeys, which promotes the understanding of risk of BPA exposure in human.