Herpesvirus skin disease in free-living common frogs Rana temporaria in Great Britain
2018
Infectious disease is a significant driver of global amphibian declines yet despite this,
relatively little is known about the range of pathogens that affect free-living
amphibians. Recent detection of the tentatively named Ranid herpesvirus 3 (RHV3)
associated with skin disease in free-living common frogs (Rana temporaria) in
Switzerland helps to address this paucity in knowledge but the geographic
distribution and epidemiology of the pathogen remains unclear. Syndromic
surveillance for ranid herpesvirus skin disease was undertaken throughout Great
Britain (GB), January 2014 to December 2016. Reports of common frogs with
macroscopic skin lesions with a characteristic grey appearance were solicited from
members of the public. Post-mortem examination was conducted on one affected
frog found dead in 2015 at a site in England. In addition, archived samples from an
incident involving common frogs in England in 1997 with similar macroscopic lesions
were further investigated. Transmission electron microscopy identified herpes-like
virions in skin lesions from both the 1997 and 2015 incidents. RHV3, or RHV3-like
virus, was detected in skin lesions from the 2015 case by polymerase chain reaction
and sequencing. Our findings indicate that herpesvirus skin disease is endemic in
common frogs in GB with widespread distribution at apparently low prevalence.
Further research into the role of host immunity, virus latency and the significance of
infection to host survival is required to better understand the epidemiology and
impact of cutaneous herpesvirus infections in amphibian populations.
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