Enhanced removal of bio-refractory dissolved organic matter from cassava distillery wastewater by powdered activated carbon-ballasted coagulation: Detailed study of separation characteristics and mechanisms

Abstract Efficient removal of bio-refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colorants is essential for discharging or reusing the distillery wastewater. An important part of recalcitrant DOM still exists in the effluent of regular coagulation though the ferric coagulant has been found to be effective in decoloration. The present work adopted powdered activated carbon (PAC) as ballasting agent to achieve robust separation effect and efficiency of bio-refractory DOM from the bio-chemically treated cassava distillery wastewater (BTDWW). More than 90% of DOC could be removed at the PAC and Fe(III)-coagulant dosage of 1.40 g/L and 0.84 g/L as Fe when the BTDWW was neutral. PAC should be dosed before coagulant in order to mix well with the DOM in the BTDWW. The analyses of DOM in effluent reveal that PAC facilitated the removal of lignin breakdown products which could not be well eliminated by regular coagulation; the removal of DOM with MW