Further evidence for the reliability and validity of the Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness Scale

Abstract Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an inherited neuromuscular disease causing, among other symptoms, fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness, which are frequently undifferentiated by patients and/or clinicians. The Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness Scale (FDSS) has been devised to measure these two overlapping symptoms as a single clinical entity. Objective To further examine the reliability and the construct validity of the FDSS in patients with DM1. Methods The scale was administered to 48 DM1 patients on two occasions at a 2 week-interval. Intra-rater reliability and internal consistency were established by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Construct validity was assessed by using the known-group method. More precisely, the mean FDSS score of patients with and without subjective complaints of fatigue and/or sleepiness was compared. Results The FDSS showed good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.83) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.6). Also, the FDSS was able to distinguish between patients who had fatigue and sleepiness complaints from those who did not (mean FDSS score of 10.6 vs 8.0, p  = 0.01), suggesting good construct validity. Conclusion Overall, the present study supports the continued use of the FDSS as a reliable and valid instrument to measure fatigue and daytime sleepiness in patients with DM1 for either clinical or research purposes.