Distribution of thermal neutron flux around a PET cyclotron.

Abstract: The number of positron emission tomography (PET) examinations has greatly increased world-wide. Since positron emission nuclides for the PET examinations have short half-lives, they are mainly produced using on-site cyclotrons. During the production of the nuclides, significant quantities of neutrons are generated from the cyclotrons. Neutrons have potential to activate the materials around the cyclotrons and cause exposure to the staff. To investigate quantities and distribution of the thermal neutrons, thermal neutron fluxes were measured around a PET cyclotron in a laboratory associating with a hospital. The cyclotron accelerates protons up to 18 MeV, and the mean particle current is 20 μA. The neutron fluxes were measured during both 18F production and 11C production. Gold foils and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badges were used to measure the neutron fluxes. The neutron fluxes in the target box averaged 9.3 × 106 cm−2 s−1 and 1.7 × 106 cm−2 s−1 during 18F and 11C production, respectively. Those in the cyclotron room averaged 4.1 × 105 cm−2 s−1 and 1.2 × 105 cm−2 s−1, respectively. Those outside the concrete wall shielding were estimated as being equal to or less than ∼3 cm−2 s−1, which corresponded to 0.1 μSv h−1 in effective dose. The neutron fluxes outside the concrete shielding were confirmed to be quite low compared to the legal limit.