Reduction of graphene oxide at room temperature with vitamin C for RGO–TiO2 photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cell

Abstract Graphene has been used to enhance conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) through increased electronic transportation. Introduction of graphene into DSSC is realized through reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene or RGO in TiO 2 nanoparticles in solution. Chemical and hydrothermal reactions are two commonly used avenues. In the chemical route, toxic hydrazine and its derivatives are the typical reducing agent. Hydrothermal process is not toxic but requires prolonged heating. In this study, we mix flakes of GO with TiO 2 nanoparticles and use vitamin C to realize the reduction at room temperature. The RGO–TiO 2 composite films are then used as photoanode in DSSC. A conversion efficiency of 30% increase (to 7.89%) is obtained as compared to that of the pure TiO 2 photoanode.