Theranostic Applications of Lysozyme-Based Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology has become an integral part in the domain of therapeutic and diagnostic treatment strategies for various diseases. Amidst various nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles have got significant importance owing to their lower toxicity and biodegradability. Among several proteins which are being used in making nanoparticles, lysozyme is one of them. Lysozyme, an anti-microbial enzyme, abundant in secretions of human, serves pivotal role in innate immune system. Recently, scientists have been using this biocompatible protein as template or establishment of framework for developing nanoparticles. Additionally, the readily tunable structures of this stabilized protein also assist in tailoring a broad range of nanoparticles. In this prospect, this chapter will emphasize the overview of recent applications of lysozyme-based nanoparticles in anti-microbial therapy, wound healing, etc., and in diagnostic functions such as cell imaging and sensors. Moreover, the properties of lysozyme as well as its various applications (anti-microbial activity, anti-proliferative activity, amyloid formation ability, etc.) are also narrated in an incisive manner. Additionally, the intricate mechanism underlying the interaction of lysozyme protein with the inorganic metal nanoparticles is also illustrated in this chapter. Herein, this chapter renders the challenges and the possible future direction of the lysozyme-based nanoparticles in theranostic applications.