A shadow identification method using vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral data

ABSTRACTShadows in high-spatial-resolution remote-sensing images become more pronounced. The detection of shadows is an essential requirement for both detailed high-spatial land-cover classification and applications such as three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of buildings as well as cloud removal. This article presents a method for integrating the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and Red Edge normalized difference vegetation index (RENDVI) for shadow identification (IPRSI) using high-spatial-resolution airborne hyperspectral data. This method detects shadows by setting thresholds to the PRI and RENDVI to separate shadows from vegetated and non-vegetated areas. The proposed method outperformed the invariant colour spaces model and the object-based method in terms of shadow extraction accuracy. The overall shadow identification accuracy of the IPRSI was 88.97% with an F-score of 90.96 (81.32% with F-score 81.97 for the invariant colour spaces model and 78.02% with F-score 82.07 for the object-based m...