Geoelectric mapping of near‐surface karstic fractures by using null arrays

The term “null array” is introduced for those electrode configurations where the measured potential difference is zero above a homogeneous half‐space when using a measuring dipole M0N0. Different types of null arrays (three‐electrode, Schlumberger, and dipole axial/equatorial null arrays) and their corresponding traditional arrays are studied. It was shown in a field study carried out in a karstified limestone area covered by thin sediments that it is possible to obtain geologically meaningful results with null‐array techniques. The main features of the null‐array data are as follows. (1) Null‐array data appear to be more spatially variable than the classical data. The spatial variability provides information about the presence of karstic fractures in the subsurface; (2) The null‐array anomalies caused by nearly vertical karstic fractures in the limestone basement do not decay with depth as quickly as the classical array anomalies. (3) The strike direction of the fractures is much less ambiguous than that...