Experts Interpret Generalizations Differently Than Novices

Author(s): Coon, Jeff; Etz, Alexander; Scontras, Gregory; Sarnecka, Barbara W | Abstract: Generic statements, such as “mosquitoes fly” and “mosquitoes carry malaria,” are remarkable in that they are an intuitive and readily understood means of conveying knowledge, and yet their implied prevalence---the specific quantification they convey---can vary widely. This variability may lead to miscommunication, with speakers using generic statements flexibly and listeners rigidly interpreting them as implying near universal prevalence (Cimpian et al., 2010). However, recent research found that listeners with applicable prior knowledge interpret generic statements flexibly (Tessler a Goodman, 2019b). The evident importance of prior knowledge suggests that expertise may impact how people interpret generic statements. We investigated whether experts and novices systematically differ in the way they interpret generic statements, using the esport League of Legends as a cultural microcosm. As hypothesized, experts interpreted generic statements more flexibly than novices did, and novices tended to assume generic statements applied more broadly than experts did.