CPD: Medicines update: Renal medicines

The kidneys are amazing organs. These compact 'bean' shaped filters weigh around 150 g and process about 25% of total cardiac output or 1,200 mL of blood/minute. Kidneys play a vital role in regulation of water and electrolyte content by filtration, secretion and reabsorption. They also produce renin, which is important for water and electrolyte balance. Kidneys maintain the acid/base balance in the body, and are responsible for excretion of waste products, water soluble toxic substances and drugs, through urine production. Additionally, kidneys regulate a number of endocrine functions such as activation of erythropoietin and vitamin D.