A 179-Lux Energy-Autonomous Fully-Encapsulated 17-mm 3 Sensor Node with Initial Charge Delay Circuit for Battery Protection

We propose a fully encapsulated 17-mm 3 sensor node with perpetual operation enabled by light harvesting with as little as 179 lux. A battery charging and management circuit is self-starting and supports rapid charging of the battery with a custom GaAs stacked photovoltaic cell. It delays charging until the assembly process is complete to protect the battery from exposure to high temperatures while charged and premature discharge prior to operation.