Percutaneous image-guided splenic procedures: update on indications, technique, complications, and outcomes.

Percutaneous image-guided splenic procedures are seldom performed due to fear of complications, mainly hemorrhage. Percutaneous splenic invasive procedures are, however, safe, and in most cases, the complication rates are similar to those of other abdominal organs. In most patients, biopsy of a focal splenic lesion establishes the diagnosis. Aspiration and drainage of splenic collections are performed obviating the need for splenectomy. In this review we describe the indications, technique, complications, and outcomes of percutaneous splenic biopsy, aspiration, and drainage.