Development of a short questionnaire to identify the risk of nonadherence to antibiotic treatment.

AbstractObjective:Nonadherence to the prescribed antibiotic treatment is a widespread problem, affecting not only individual patients, but also public health. As measures to predict it are still lacking, we aimed to design an instrument to identify nonadherence risk in short-term antibiotic therapies.Methods:Patient adherence was assessed by pill count and an extensive set of standardized questions, newly developed according to the five-dimension adherence model proposed by the World Health Organization. It combined previously validated questionnaires and original questions adapted from our exploratory survey. The extensive set was analyzed prospectively in adult patients treated with antibiotics in outpatient settings. The number of items was reduced stepwise keeping as many of five factor subgroups as possible. The items were dichotomized as positive (indicating nonadherence risk) or negative.Results:One third (32%) of the respondents (N = 122) did not adhere to the prescribed antibiotic regimen. The ex...