Systemic risk indicators for peri-implant diseases in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify the systemic risk indicators associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, clinical evaluations of periodontal and peri-implant conditions were performed by a single examiner in a sample of 71 volunteers with 360 implants. Peri-implant mucositis was defined as the occurrence of bleeding on probing in association with redness and swelling or suppuration, without bone loss. Peri-implantitis was defined based on a radiograph of bone loss ≥ 3 mm and/or a probing depth ≥ 6 mm with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing. The systemic factors evaluated were obesity, hormone replacement therapy, osteopaenia and osteoporosis, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia. Logistic models were applied to assess the associations between peri-implant diseases and systemic factors. RESULTS Mucositis and peri-implantitis were found in 83.1% and 16.9% of the individuals, respectively. The regression analysis showed that obesity (prevalence ratio = 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.91 to 96.83; P = 0.01) and high systolic blood pressure (prevalence ratio = 4.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 12.87; P = 0.03) were associated with peri-implantitis at the individual and implant levels, respectively. No systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis (P ≥ 0.06). CONCLUSION Obesity and high systolic blood pressure were associated with peri-implantitis, whereas no systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these as true risk factors. Patients with obesity and/or high systolic blood pressure could be informed of the likely association with peri-implantitis, preferably before implant placement.