Cardio-renal anemia syndrome: Etiopathogenesis, clinical significance and treatment

Cardiorenal anemia syndrome consists of anemia, heart disease and chronic kidney weakness. The goal of this work is to analyze the risk factors, pathogenesis mechanisms of the development of the cardiorenal anemia syndrome and to stress the clinical importance of its early detection and timely treatment. Works written by experts have been analyzed, as well as clinical studies conducted on the subjects of etiopathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of the cardiorenal anemia syndrome. Results. Anemia is defined as a level of hemoglobin lower than 130 g/L with males and lower than 120 g/L with females. Epidemiological data suggest that 30-40% of the patients have heart disease anemia and the chronic kidney disease. The main causes for the development of anemia with patients suffering from chronic heart (cardiovascular) disease are the insufficiency of iron, reduced erythropoietin production and a resistance to the erythropoietin effects. Anemia is important risk factors for the development of heart weakness and the development of the chronic kidney disease. With patients with iron insufficiency(TSAT < 20%, ferritin < 100 ng/mL), iron is applied in doses of 200 mg per week for a duration of five weeks, with the goal being to achieve the optimal status of iron (TSAT = 20-50%, ferritin = 100-500 ng/mL). After the optimal status had been reached, erythropoietin is applied. The target hemoglobin level with cardiorenal anemia syndrome patients is between 100 and 120 g/L. Early detection of anemia and timely application of adequate treatments slow down the progress of heart and kidney weakness, reduce the morbidity and mortality rates and improve the quality of life of patiental anemia syndrome.