吗啉及其N-烷基衍生物的合成工艺总结 Overview on the Synthesis of Morpholine and Its N-Alkyl Derivatives

吗啉及其N-烷基衍生物是重要的精细化工中间体，已广泛应用于橡胶、医药与农药等领域。本文根据吗啉及其N-烷基衍生物的结构特点，将其合成方法概括为：C-O-C键合的醚化法、C-N-C键合的仲胺化法和N-烷基化法，分析了各种方法的工艺特点，并指出了吗啉及其N-烷基衍生物合成工艺的发展趋势。 Morpholine and its N-Alkyl derivatives are a class of important intermediates for many fine chemicals, which have been widely used in rubber, medicine, pesticide and other fields. This paper summarized several methods to synthetize these compounds according to their structural characteristics: the etherification of C-O-C bond linkage, the amination of C-N-C bond linkage and the N-alkylation of morpholine. The features of each method were analyzed. Finally, the development in the synthesis technology of morpholine and its N-alkyl derivatives was proposed.