Experimental and Theoretical Pursuit of the Ultimate Conductivity in ZnO

In this program, we and our colleagues at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) had proposed nine areas of research. In most of these we made significant progress, as outlined below. Many of the results were published as listed at the end of the report. 1. Optimized growth of GZO in H2 2. Optimized growth of GZO in forming gas 3. Optimized growth of GZO in Ar with a subsequent anneal in H2 or forming gas 4. Optimized growth of GZO in Ar with a subsequent anneal in Zn vapor 5. Modeling of thickness effects and experimental verification 6. Measurements of thickness and “optical mobility” by ellipsometry 7. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements and analysis 8. Transmission and reflectance measurements 9. Measurements of stability 10. Discussion: electrical characterization