Myeloid Resistance is Not Futile: Biomarkers of Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer

The majority of patients with urothelial cancer do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) directed at the PD-(L)1 axis. Recently, robust profiling data was used to derive predictive biomarker signatures for both pro-tumorigenic immunity and adaptive anti-tumor immunity; combining these has greater predictive power than either alone. Clinically, these results suggest that myeloid cells may be primary drivers of non-responsiveness in urothelial cancer.