Restoration of visual function by expression of a light-gated mammalian ion channel in retinal ganglion cells or ON-bipolar cells

We restored visual function to animal models of human blindness using a chemical compound that photosensitizes a mammalian ion channel. Virus-mediated expression of this light sensor in surviving retinal cells of blind mice restored light responses in vitro, reanimated innate light avoidance, and enabled learned visually guided behavior. The treatment also restored light responses to the retina of blind dogs. Patients that might benefit from this treatment would need to have intact ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. In general, these are patients diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa and some forms of Leber congenital amaurosis. Patients diagnosed with other types of blindness, for example, age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, would not be candidates for this treatment.