Dynamical analysis of a ratio-dependent predator–prey model with Holling III type functional response and nonlinear harvesting in a random environment

The objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of the stochastic ratio-dependent predator–prey model with Holling III type functional response and nonlinear harvesting. For the autonomous system, sufficient conditions for globally positive solution and stochastic permanence are established. Then, applying comparison theorem for stochastic differential equation, sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence in the mean are obtained. In addition, we prove that there exists a unique stationary distribution and it has ergodicity under certain parametric restrictions. For the periodic system, we obtain conditions for the existence of a nontrivial positive periodic solution. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to substantiate the analytical results.