Combined effects of temperature and salinity on critical thermal minima of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Penaeidae).

Abstract Critical thermal minima (CTMin) were determined for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles from four different acclimation temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and salinities (10‰, 20‰, 30‰, and 40‰). The lowest and highest CTMin of shrimp ranged between 7.2 °C at 15 °C/30‰ and 11.44 °C at 30 °C/20‰ at the cooling rate of 1 °C h −1 . Acclimation temperature and salinity, as well as the interaction of both parameters, had significant effects on the CTMin values of L. vannamei ( P P