Assessment of acoustic-mechanical measurements for texture of French fries: Comparison of deep-fat frying and air frying

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop an instrumental method for measuring the texture of French fries and correlated it with sensory measurements. For seven samples of French fries with different crispness levels, a cone penetrometer test was conducted simultaneously with microphone recording of sound emissions. A descriptive sensory analysis was also performed on these samples. The results showed that the number of sound peaks, the linear distance of sound peaks, the area under the sound-displacement curve and the mean sound pressure were strongly positively correlated (r ≥ 0.80; P-value