RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL AND OBSTETRIC FACTORS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT EVENTS IN NEWBORNS IN REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL DR. PIRNGADI MEDAN

Background: Cases of low birth weight babies (LBW) are a health problem that is found in many countries, especially in developing and lagging countries. The causes of LBW babies are multifactorial, one of which is maternal and obstetric. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal and obstetric factors with the incidence of LBW. Materials and Methods: This study was a case control study design. The study was conducted at the Regional General Hospital dr. Pirngadi Medan  with 190 babies born in the year 2018 (130 LBW babies, 59 babies of normal weight). Samples were obtained as many as 68 divided into 34 case groups and 34 control groups. Factors such as lack of iron supplementation (anemia), history of LBW at previous labor, history of hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia, eclampsia), placenta previa, placental abruption. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression test. Result: The study showed that factors related to LBW incidence in newborns were ? maternal anemia (p = 0.032), history of LBW at previous delivery (p = 0.014), and placenta praevia (p = 0.027). Unrelated factors were history of hypertension in pregnancy (p = 1.124), placental abruption (p = 0.241). The most dominant factor associated with the incidence of LBW is the history of LBW at previous deliveries (PR = 4.35), meaning that mothers who have a history of previous deliveries of LBW babies have a 4.3 times higher chance than mothers who do not have a history of LBW at previous deliveries. Conclusion: LBW is associated with anemia, history of LBW at previousdelivery, and placenta previa. Health workers must routinely educate mothers at ANC to prevent LBW babies. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that of the factors associated with the incidence of LBW in newborns is anemia, a history of LBW in previous labor, and placenta previa. While the history of hypertension and placental abruption does not show a real relationship. Keywords: Maternal and obstetric factors, LBW, Newborns