Contribution Paternelle De Genotypes Sauvages d\'Hevea ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) En Pollinisation Libre Dans Un Verger A Graines

La Cote-d\'Ivoire dispose d\'une collection d\'heveas sauvages structuree en deux groupes genetiques: AM1 et AM2. L\'integration de cette collection dans la strategie de creation varietale est envisagee par pollinisation libre dans des vergers a graines. Pour comprendre le brassage genetique au sein de cette collection, la contribution paternelle de 50 genotypes greffes en verger a graines a ete etudiee a l\'aide de 8 loci microsatellites a travers l\'analyse de la paternite sur 2 annees successives. L\'etude a montre un brassage genetique desequilibre entre les genotypes issus de la collection d\'heveas sauvages. La majorite des genotypes a tres faiblement participe a la pollinisation. Sur les deux annees, leur contribution paternelle a varie de 0,21 a 22,7 %. Cependant, 4 genotypes ont domine particulierement la pollinisation avec une contribution paternelle cumulee d\'au moins 40 %. La contribution paternelle a ete variable entre les genotypes, et egalement entre les groupes AM1 et AM2. Le regime de reproduction de la collection sauvage est donc non panmictique. Aucune variation inter-annuelle de la contribution paternelle des genotypes a la pollinisation a ete observee. Ce qui denote d\'une caracteristique clonale de ce facteur. The ivoirian rubber breeding program has a collection of wild genotypes structured in two genetic groups: AM1 and AM2. The use of this wild collection for cloning purposes is considered through open pollination in seeds orchard. To assess the genetic brewing within this collection, the paternal contribution of 50 genotypes transplanted in a seeds orchard, has been studied with 8 microsatellites loci through paternity analysis in 2 years successively. Thie study shows that genetic brewing was unbalance within the collection of wild rubber trees. Nearly all the genotypes, participated very weakly in the pollination process. During the two years, their paternal contribution varied from 0.21 to 22.7 %. However, 4 genotypes, particularly dominated the pollination process. Their cumulated paternal contribution was estimated at 40 % for the least. The paternal contribution was very variable between both genotypes and AM1 and AM2 genetic groups. Thus, the reproduction system of the wild rubber tree collection is no panmictic. No Inter annual variation of the genotypes paternal contribution occured. Thus, paternal contribution appear to be a clonal characteristic of rubber tree species Keywords : Hevea brasiliensis, systeme de reproduction, verger a graines, pollinisation libre, contribution paternelle, Cote-d\'Ivoire Agronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 137-150