OCHEP: An Optimized Cluster Head Election Protocol for Heterogeneous WSNs

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the nodes have the constraint of energy. The sensor nodes have consumed energy in sensing, transmission, receiving, etc. If the energy of a sensor node exhausted completely, then there is no use of sensor nodes because nodes are not replaceable. Thus, there is a dire need to increase the lifespan of the networks so that sensors can work for a longer time in the networks. In this paper, we recommend an enhanced cluster head determination routing protocol for heterogeneous WSNs. The heterogeneous WSNs are consist of three levels of heterogeneity which helps in extending the network lifetime. In the enhancement of the proposed method, a threshold-based formula is deliberated for choosing the cluster head nodes (CH). This threshold formula considered three criteria namely node distance from the sink, outstanding energy of sensors, and total energy of the networks which decreases energy consumption. This proposed scheme can provide efficient and effective communication outside the cluster and within the cluster by considering communication cost matrices. The number of alive and dead, the sum of energy consumption, and the number of messages transferred to the control node matrices are considered to examine the enactment of the proposed scheme by using the MATLAB. After a comprehensive analysis, it has been evident that the projected scheme accomplishes superior to that of the existing methods.