Structural elucidation, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a novel heteropolysaccharide from cultured Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel.) Samson

Abstract The fine structure and chain conformation of a heteropolysaccharide (PCIPS3) from mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae were investigated via the analysis of HPLC, IR, methylation, NMR spectroscopy and multiangle light scattering. It was determined to be a 2.23 × 10 4  g/mol heteropolysaccharide primarily composed of glucose, galactose and mannose in a molar ratio of 23.8:2.1:1.0. The PCIPS3 backbone consisted of 1,4-linked α- d -Glc p and 1,4-linked 6- O -Me-α- d -Glc p residues, which were occasionally interrupted by branched β-Gal f residues through 1,6-linkage. Moreover, the α (0.60) from Mark–Houwink–Sakurada (MHS) equation suggested that PCIPS3 adopted a flexible chain conformation in 0.1 mol/L NaNO 3 at 25 °C. The worm-like chains model parameters for PCIPS3 were estimated as following: M L  = 437 nm −1 , q  = 0.46 nm and 0.79 nm, which were further evidenced by AFM. Furthermore, PCIPS3 showed excellent scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, ORAC radical and moderate immunomodulatory activity.