Relationship between Near-Surface Winds Due to Tropical Cyclones and Infrared Brightness Temperature Obtained from Geostationary Satellite

Based on ten-year tropical cyclones (TCs) observations from 2009 to 2018, the black body temperature (TBB, also called cloud-top brightness temperature) data obtained from the infrared channel 1 (with the wavelength of 10.30–11.30 µm) of the FY-2 satellite image, and the wind observation data at the automatic weather stations (AWSs) in Guangdong province, this study explores the relationship between the TBBs and the winds induced by TCs at AWSs. It is found that the wind speeds at AWSs cannot be obtained directly by using TBB value inversion, but the maximum potential wind gust (MPG) and the maximum potential average-wind (MPAW) at AWSs can be estimated when a TBB is known. Influenced by the terrain, the surrounding environment, and detected height, the MPG and the MPAW values of different AWSs may differ for the same TBB. The wind data from ERA5 reanalysis is also used to explore the relationship between the TBBs and the winds over grids area during the TCs’ periods. Similar to the AWSs, there is a capping function between the winds over the grids and the TBBs. The reanalysis data can generally show the average wind conditions of the weather stations inside the grids, and therefore, can be used to supplement the data for the areas where there is no AWS observation available. Such a study could provide references for estimating the potential wind disasters induced by TCs in the study area.