Properties of Spodosols and Andisols showing climosequential and biosequential relations in southern Hakkoda, northeastern Japan

We conducted comparative studies on the chemical and mineralogical properties of selected pedons of Spodosols (Placorthods) and Andisols (Fulviudands and Melanudands) derived from Towada-a ash of 1000 B.P. and Chuseri ash of 5000 B.P., Spodosols and Fulviudands of the climosequence showed most remar