Quantification of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug in Water

This chapter discusses the main reasons for viewing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) as emerging contaminants. Their access routes into the environment are specified, in particular into natural and wastewater, and current evidence about their possible toxic effects is described. Mention is made of the most commonly used methods for routine determination from sampling to final quantification of NSAIDs in water samples of diverse origins. The most important aspects of sampling, extraction, and concentration, including microextraction methods, are detailed. The methods most commonly used in separation, identification, and quantification of NSAIDs in water are described. These methods include, in particular, gas and liquid chromatography systems and capillary electrophoresis that are coupled to different detectors. It was concluded that it is necessary to develop new methodologies that allow continuous monitoring at even lower costs than presently available.