Сутнісні характеристики справедливості у філософсько-правовому вимірі

The article is devoted to the coverage of the essence and content of such philosophical and legal category as «justice». Analyzed the approaches of various scientists of determining the category of «justice», namely O. Heffe, L. Boltanski, Z. Dobosh, I. Zagoruy, J. Rolls, T. Dilnova, I. Pankratov, A. Grinenko, B. Kashnikov. The authors focus on disclosing the content of the concept of «justice» in the philosophical and legal context. Investigated the awareness of this concept at different stages of historical development. Namely, it is, firstly, the ancient times, where the most thoroughly considered this issue by such famous philosophers as Carnead, Aristotle, Plato. Secondly, analyzed the understanding of this category in ancient civilizational systems (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Israel and Greece). Thirdly, investigated the features of justification of the category of «justice» from the philosophical and legal positions of scholars of modern times. Analyzed the relationship between justice and relativism in L. Boltanski's work. Revealed the basic principles that express the category of «justice» («live honestly», «do no wrong to anyone», «pay everyone due»). Proved the interdependence of the concept of human rights and justice. Analyzed the concepts such as «social justice» and «political justice» as well as the views of scholars on various aspects of these categories. Сonsidered the justice as the embodiment of honesty. Revealed the principles demonstrating the relationship between honesty and justice. The authors investigate basic theories that reveal the concept of «justice»: the theory of liberal utilitarianism and its basic principles (happiness, benefit, hedonism); J. Rawls's theory of justice and its basic ideas; the theory of deontological liberalism; the theory of contractual justice by D. Gotier with the concept of «rationality».