Biohydrogen: resource recovery from industrial wastewater

Abstract Dark fermentative hydrogen production (DFHP) is a promising approach to treat industrial wastewater and recover clean energy. Nowadays generation of high calorific hydrogen energy through multidisciplinary research has gained more attention. Only improving the technology and focusing to build business viability is not enough. The researchers should turn their research direction, using genetically modified hydrogen-producing microbes to reduce the production of volatile fatty acids and increase the ratio of acetate-to-butyrate. This chapter provides deeper knowledge about DFHP from various industrial effluents. On the other hand, effects of different microbial culture and reactor configurations used to improve the process efficiency and the factor influence on sustainable hydrogen production were discussed. Moreover, this chapter discussion on novel approaches to enhance hydrogen production, economic viability, and scalability aspect of dark fermentation were included.