Evaluation of the erythrocytes and leucocyte alterations in cows infected with Theileria annulata.
2011
The percentages of anemia, parasitemia and leucocyte changes were
investigated in bovine theileriosis in the Northwest of Iran. The
hematological values in 91 cows with theileriosis were compared with 19
healthy ones. The disease was confirmed by the presence of parasites in the
peripheral blood smear test. Five mLs of blood from the jugular vein was
collected and mixed with EDTA. Hematological parameters and parasitemia were
assessed by current laboratory methods. The mean for hematocrit (PCV),
hemoglobin (Hb), total leucocytes counts (WBC) and erythrocyte count (RBCs)
were 22.1%, 6.8 mg/dL, 7075/μL and 4x106/μL, respectively. Mean total
protein, absolute lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosiniphil counts, MCV, MCH and
MCHC were 6.4 g/dL, 3898, 2746, 136/μL, 55.5 fl, 16.7 Pg and 30.5 g/dL,
respectively. Mean concentrations for PCV, Hb, RBCs, and MCHC were
significantly (p<0.05) lower and MCV was higher than the control group. To
determine the severity of anemia in theileriosis, PCV was classified into
cows without anemia (>24%), mild (20-23.99%), moderate (12-19.99%) and severe
anemia (<11.99%). Therefore, the frequency and percentage of infected cows
were 44 (48.4%), 14 (15.3%), 23 (25.3%) and 10 cases (11%), respectively
(p<0.01). The percentages of parasitemia among 4 groups (1.23, 3.86, 9.64 and
34.2%, respectively) were also significantly (p<0.01) different. Among the
indices under study, mean RBCs and Hb showed significant differences (p<0.01)
in all types of anemia. The types of anemia were varied from normocytic
hypochromic to macrocytic hypochromic. Negative correlations were found
(p<0.01) between parasitemia/PCV (r=-0.74), parasitemia/Hb (r=-0.64) and
parasitemia/RBCs (r=-0.63). It is concluded that anemia would be the main
clinical sign in theileriosis. Type of anemia varied based on the severity of
the anemia. Hematocrit, Hb, RBCs MCV and MCHC are the main indices affected
in theileriosis. The majority of the infected cows were affected by moderate
anemia except for 11%, in that they showed severe anemia with 34.2%
parasitemia. Thus, the assessment of RBCs indices will lead to the prognosis
and appropriate treatment strategies.
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