Diffuse thymus hyperplasia following chemotherapy for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma

: A persistent or new mass in the anterior mediastinum after chemotherapy for mediastinal lymphoma poses a major differential diagnostic problem. Misinterpretation as a persistent or recurrent tumor may lead to additional unnecessary and potentially harmful therapy. Benign mediastinal tumors, albeit very rare, need confirmation by biopsy since they cannot be distinguished by radiological methods from persistence or relapse of lymphoma. We present a case report of a patient with diffuse thymic hyperplasia following successful chemotherapy for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, with a review of the literature.