Perfil respiratório de 457 trabalhadores expostos à poeira de sílica livre no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Introduction: pneumoconioses are a group of diseases caused by fibrogenic dust accumulation in the lungs, producing pulmonarytecidual reaction. The high concentration of particles in suspension, prolonged exposure and individual susceptibility are the major factorsthat influence the appearance of the disease. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between radiological and functionalalterations, the influence of exposure duration in lung function and to present respiratory profile of workers exposed to activities containingsilica. Methods: for 01 year (from 2001 to 2002) we have performed a transversal study in which we examined 457 workers, performingseveral riskyactivities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, that were referred from clinics of people exposed to free silica. These workers wereevaluated through a standardized questionnaire, physical and functional examinations and the Accumulated Exposure Index was calculated.Results: the symptoms most commonly found were expectoration, cough, and wheezing. We found that 22,7% of the x-rays displayedradiological alterations compatible with silicosis and 14,9% had a reduction of the VEF1/CVF ratio. The duration of workers exposurepresented statistically significant association with functional alterations. Conclusion: exposure to silica and other mineral dusts, in severaloccupational activities, contributes to the development of respiratory illness and lung functional alteration.