Changes in Brain Metastasis During Radiosurgical Planning

Purpose To determine whether there are any changes in brain metastases or resection cavity volumes between planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiosurgery (RS) treatment and whether these led to a change in management or alteration in the RS plan. Methods and Materials Patients undergoing RS for brain metastasis or tumor resection cavities had a standardized planning MRI (MRI-1) performed and a repeat verification MRI (MRI-2) 24 hours before RS. Any change in management, including replanning based on MRI-2, was recorded. Results Thirty-four patients with a total of 59 lesions (44 metastases and 15 tumor resection cavities) were assessed with a median time between MRI-1 and MRI-2 of 7 days. Seventeen patients (50%) required a change in management based on the changes seen on MRI-2. For patients with 7 days or less between scans, 41% (9 of 22) required a change in management; among patients with 8 days or more between scans, 78% (7 of 9) required a change in management. Per lesion, 32 out of 59 lesions required replanning, including 7 of 15 (47%) cavities and 25 of 44 (57%) metastases, with the most common reason (23 lesions) being an increase in gross target volume (tumor) or clinical target volume (tumor cavity). Conclusions Measurable changes occur in brain metastasis over a short amount of time, with a change in management required in 41% of patients with 7 days between MRI-1 and MRI-2 and in 78% of patients when there is a delay longer than 7 days. We therefore recommend that the time between planning MRI and RS treatment be as short as possible.