Surface modification of siliceous materials using maleimidation and various functional polymers synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization.

A novel surface modification method was investigated. The surface of siliceous materials was modified using polystyrene, poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(p-acrylamidophenyl-α-mannoside) synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Thiol-terminated polymers were obtained by reduction of the thiocarbonate group using sodium borohydride. The polymers were immobilized on the surface via the thiol–ene click reaction, known as the Michael addition reaction. Immobilization of the polymers on the maleimidated surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The polymer-immobilized surfaces were observed by atomic force microscopy, and the thickness of the polymer layers was determined by ellipsometry. The thickness of the polymer immobilized by the maleimide–thiol reaction was less than that formed by spin coating, except for polystyrene. Moreover, the polymer-immobilized surfaces were rela...