Modulation Ranges of Different Sensations for Coding Electrically Evoked Tactile Sensory Feedback
2021
The
ability to perceive prosthetic grasping may enable amputees to better interact
with external objects. This may require customized coding of multiple sensory
feedback for each amputee. This study developed a protocol to determine optimal
modulation ranges of sensations elicited by transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS). These sensations that were referred to the lost fingers
provided the possibility for restoring multi-modalities of sensory feedback for
amputees with evoked tactile sensation (ETS) non-invasively. To match the
restricted projected finger map area, smaller electrodes must be used to
deliver electrical stimulation for multi-channel sensory information, which
resulted in fewer types of sensations. Our protocol provided comprehensive
information for optimal selection of amplitude and frequency in a personalized,
pulse-width encoding paradigm. The good sensitivity for vibration and buzz in
both able-bodied and amputee subjects suggested that perceptual intensity can
be effectively modulated to convey sensory information via either of the
sensations. The efficacy of this protocol in sensory coding for forearm
amputees was demonstrated in finger-specific identification experiment. This
protocol may allow customization of ETS-based sensory feedback with an optimal
encoding strategy for individual amputees.
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